|
Altan Khan
|
16th c. CE
|
Mongolia
|
Mongolian emperor.
Under the special priest/patron relationship
between Tibet and Mongolia, initiated the institution of
Dalai Lamas
in Tibet.
Appointed the
Third Dalai Lama,
and retroactively the
First
and
Second.
|
|
Arjia Gegeen
|
20th c. CE
|
Mongolia
|
Mongolian
rinpoche
(gegeen)
and abbot of Kumbum Monastery in Tibet.
He was also a vice-president of the
Buddhist Association of China and deputy chairman of
the Qinghai People's Political Consultative Conference.
One of the most important religious leaders to leave Tibet.
On a visit to America in 1998, he decided to stay,
much to the chagrin of the Chinese
government, who took two years before they finally officially
removed him from his post.
Arjia Gegeen now lives in Mill Valley California,
from where he teaches Buddhism through America.
history
|
|
Ashoka
|
3rd Century BCE
|
India
|
Indian emperor.
Also, "Ashoka".
Erected pillars all over India.
A committed buddhist; sent people to Syria and Egypt
to teach
dharma.
Towards the end of his reign a great Buddhist council was held
in Pataliputra (now called Patna).
|
|
Buddhaghosa
|
~400 CD
|
Sri Lanka
|
Buddhist
scholar who compiled the
Theravada
in Pali from scattered older traditions.
|
|
Channa
|
6th c. BC
|
India
|
Charioteer of
Gautama
the
Buddha,
when Gautama was a Prince, before his
enlightenment.
Channa taught Prince Gautama many useful things,
and was the person who explained the universal nature
of the old, sick, and dead persons, which led
Gautama to undertake his life of
meditation
which led to his
enlightenment.
|
|
Chögyam Trungpa
|
1939-1987 CE
|
Tibet, US
|
Eleventh
Trungpa Tulku,
of the
Karma-ka-gyu
school.
Abbot of
Surmang.
Born in Geje, Nyishu-tza-nga, in Eastern Tibet (Amdo)
Wrote biography,
Born in Tibet;
books
on meditation;
a book for westerners,
The Way of the Warrior.
|
|
Dalai Lama Vth
|
17th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The Vth
Dalai Lama,
Ngawang Lozong Gyatso,
"The Great Fifth"
History:
[1]
|
|
Dalai Lama VIIth
|
18th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The VIIth
Dalai Lama,
Kalsang Gyatso.
His period is marked by power struggles among
Mongols, Ambans, Tibetans, and Chinese.
He restores order, establishes the temporal authority
of the Dalai Lama, builds the
Norbulingka Palace.
and establishes the
Tse School.
History:
[1]
|
|
Dalai Lama XIIIth
|
19th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The XIIIth
Dalai Lama,
Thubten Gyatso.
History:
[1]
|
|
Dalai Lama XIVth
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
The XIVth
Dalai Lama,
Tenzin Gyatso.
History:
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
|
|
Dekyi Tsering
|
1900-1981 CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Mother of
His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama.
She was of farmer family.
Raised 11 children in Tibet and escaped to India with
her son the Dalai Lama, and her daughter
Tsering Dolma.
|
|
Devadatta
|
6th c. BC
|
India
|
A cousin and lifelong enemy of
Gautama
the
Buddha.
He wounded a swan being watched by
the Buddha, who refused to give it to him.
By this the Buddha formulated the Principle of Property:
'A living being belongs to the one who loves it.'
The name has the same meaning as the Latin
Deodatus - god-given.
[ ref ]
|
|
Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche
|
20th c. CE
|
Bhutan
|
Lama
and
Master of
Vajrayana
Buddhism.
Incarnation of 19th c.
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.
b. 1910 in
Kham,
'as fourth son of the Dilgo family,
which traced its descent from the great ninth-century
king of Tibet,
Trisong Detsen.'
[ ref ]
His monastery in Tibet is
Shechen Monastery.
Principal
instructor
in
Nyingma
to
His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama
Biography.
|
|
Dombhipa
|
??
|
??
|
A great Buddhist
siddha.
[ref]
|
|
Edward Conze
|
??
|
??
|
Western scholar and writer on Buddhism
|
|
Evans-Wentz
|
??
|
??
|
Western scholar and writer on Buddhism
|
|
Gampopa
|
11th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
Founded the
monastic
tradition of the
Ka-gyü
school.
A pupil of
Milarepa.
Wrote the classical work,
The Ornament of Precious Liberation,
which is still a leading manual of this school.
|
|
Gautama
|
~563 - ~480 BC
|
India, Tibet
|
The prince who became the Buddha.
Born at
Lumbini,
near the capital
Kapilavastu,
as the son of
Suddhodana
the king of
Sakya, and
the queen
Maya.
Left his royal life for a life of solitude and
meditation
at the age of 29.
After six years of
asceticism,
came to the conclusion that that was not the Way.
Determined to remain seated under the
bodhi,
fig, tree at
Bodh Gaya
until he reached
enlightenment.
There he attained
enlightenment
and perceived the
Four Noble Truths.
He determined to remain in the world and teach
others out of
compassion
for humanity.
He first walked to
Varanasi
where he preached his first sermon in the
deer-park
Isipatana
at
Sarnath.
He then wandered all over north-central India
with his followers,
teaching.
He entered
Paranirvana
at the age of 80, at
???.
Praise-names are
Sakyamuni,
Siddartha,
Tathagata,
Dharmaketu.
Also Gautama Buddha, Gotama.
|
|
Gendun Choephel
|
??
|
Tibet
|
Amdo
nyönpa
- crazy monk.
Also lived in
Kalimpong.
Criticized
Buddhism
and government in
Tibet,
and said that
Sri Lanka
had the true Buddhism.
|
|
(Geshe) Thupten Jinpa
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Translator for the XIVth
Dalai Lama.
Translated
The World of Tibetan Buddhism.
|
|
Guru Rinpoche
|
8th c. BCE
|
Tibet, India
|
Padmasambhava
|
|
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
1820 - 1892.
Previous incarnation of
Khyentse Rinpoche
|
|
Jemsa
|
2001 CE
|
United States
|
Brought the
teachings
of web-building, Open Source and Perl
from the West
to the Tibetan community at
Dharamsala,
India.
His
chelas
little know how much more he has learned from them.
|
|
Je-tsun Pema
|
1940- CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Je-tsun Pema is youngest sister of
His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama.
She has played a major part in the education of
refugee Tibetan children, taking over management
of the Tibetan Children's Villages after the
death
of her sister
Tsering Dolma.
She grew up in Tibet, was educated in
Sikkim
and Europe.
She has spent her life in Dharamsala serving Tibet.
She was first woman minister of the Tibetan government in exile,
and was awared the title "Mother of Tibet" by its
National Assembly
(kashag).
|
|
Kalsang Gyatso
|
18th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The VIIth
Dalai Lama.
|
|
Karma
|
??
|
Tibet
|
The founder of the
Karma-ka-gyu, or
kagyud,
school of
Buddhism.
(?)
|
|
Khion Konchog Gyalpo
|
11th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The
founder
of the
Sakyapa
lineage of
Tibetan Buddhism.
[ ref ]
|
|
Krishnamurti
|
1895-1986 CE
|
India, England, USA
|
A
teacher
of self-knowledge through individual effort.
"In 1909, when he was just fourteen,
Krishnamurti.
was proclaimed the world teacher-to-be in whom
Maitrreya,
the
Bodhisattva
of
compassion,
would manifest.
The proclamation was made by Annie Besant,
then president of the Theosophical Society,
a movement that combined Western occult philosophy
with Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
Besant trained Krishnamurti in his role as the
chosen one, but twenty years later he chose to
disband the order he was the head of and set
out alone on his endless journey."
[ ref ]
|
|
Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
Junior Tutor to
His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama
Gave His Holiness transmission and
teachings
of the
Eight Verses for Training the Mind
|
|
(Geshe) Langri Thangpa
|
??
|
Tibet
|
Kadampa master.
Composer of
Eight Verses for Training the Mind
|
|
Lhamo Thondup
|
20th c CE
|
Tibet
|
Previous name of
Tenzin Gyatso,
The XIVth
Dalai Lama.
|
|
Lha-tho Tho-Ri Nyen-Tsen
|
~ 1000 CE
|
Tibet
|
King of Tibet.
Introduced Buddhism into Tibet.
|
|
(Lama) Lobsang Thamcho Nyima
|
20 c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
"was born in the small village of Shiwa, Ngabha, in
Amdo
province of
Tibet.
He entered a Bonpo
monastery
at the age of eleven,
but was soon recognized as a
'tulku'
of the
Gelugpa
tradition and moved to Archok Monastery,
where he started his formal education in
buddhism.
Later he moved to
Lobrfang Monastery
for studying
Tibetan Medicine.
At the age of seventeen, Lobsang Thamcho Nyima
came to
India,
to continue his studies in
Gaden Monastery
in South India.
In 1996 he came to
Dharamsala
with the aim of spreading his
tantric
knkowledge of Tibetan Medicine,
through teaching it to students from around
the world."
[ ref ]
|
|
Lobsang Tragpa
|
15 c. CE
|
Tibet
|
Surnamed
Tsong Khapa.
|
|
Lozang Chosgyan
|
16th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
Of Tashilhunpo.
Taught
Yonten Gyatso,
the
fourth Dalai Lama,
at
Drepung.
Was recognized as the first
Panchen Lama.
His
reincarnations
inherited this title.
|
|
Manchu Emperor
|
|
China
|
Seen as the
reincarnation
of
Manjushri,
Buddha
of
wisdom,
|
|
Mattieu Ricard
|
20th c. CE
|
U.S., Nepal
|
Buddhist monk, orginally from France.
Student of
Khyentse Rinpoche,
personal assistant for the last 14 years of his life,
and wrote a
biography
of him.
Has translated and edited numerous books on
Tibetan Buddhism,
also was a biologist and photographer among other skills.
As of 1996, had been a monk for 18 years, and lives in
Nepal
at Shechen Monastery.
|
|
Marpa
|
11th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
"Marpa the Translator",
"Marpa the Adept".
Brings Indian Buddhist teachings to Tibet.
Introduced the basic
teaching
of the
Kagyu
school.
[ref]
Made three difficult journeys into India from Tibet
to study with
Naropa
and other Indian buddhist
gurus
and bring teachings back to Tibet.
Also translated the teachings
to Tibetan from Sanskrit.
One of the leading scholars of the
New Translation Period.
One of his chief disciples was
Milarepa.
[ref]
His biography was written by
Tsang Nyön.
|
|
Maya
|
6th c. BC
|
Tibet
|
Wife of
Suddhodana
the king of
Sakya, and
mother of
Gautama
the
Buddha,
whom she bore in
Lumbini.
|
|
Milarepa
|
? c. CE
|
Tibet
|
Buddhist teacher,
and student of
Marpa the Translator.
His biography was written by
Tsang Nyön.
|
|
Nagarjuna
|
6th c. BCE (?)
|
India
|
Indian scholar;
brought buddhist
teachings
to Tibet.
|
|
Ngawang Lozong Gyatso
|
19th c. CE
|
Tibeet
|
The "Great Fifth",
Vth Dalai Lama
of
Tibet.
|
|
Orgyen Trodul Thinley Dorje, the XVIIth Karmapa Lama
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
The XVIIth
Karmapa Lama,
head of the
Karma-ka-gyu
school of
Buddhism.
His
monastery
was near
Lhasa.
He escaped from Tibet in
1998 (?)
and came to the
Dalai Lama
in India, where he now lives.
His position is also called
Gyalwa Karmapa.
|
|
Padmasambhava
|
8th c. BCE
|
India
|
Indian scholar, also known as
Guru Rinpoche;
brought
Buddhist
teachings
to
Tibet.
He was invited to restore Buddhism in Tibet by
King
Trisong Detsen.
The
Nyingmapa
school
of
Tibetan Buddhism
was based on these earliest
teachings.
[ ref ]
"He was born in Uddiyana, in the north of
India.
Introduced Buddhism to Tibet by subduing local rebels.
He also helped to build
Samye,
the first Buddhist
monastery
in Tibet."
[ ref ]
The lake
Tso Pema
in northern India is sacred to him.
Author of the
Bardo Thödol
(Tibetan Book of the Dead).
[ ref ]
Considered the guardian of
Tibet,
and deity of wordly action.
Tamed the eight hostile demons, Dharmapalas,
who became the fiery defenders of
Dharma.
One of the most common illustrations of him is a triptych
which symbolizes the
Three
Vehicles,
of which he is a personification of
Tantrayana,
the vehicle using worldly things as means to enlightenment.
[ ref ]
|
|
Paltrul
|
??
|
Tibet
|
Zapatrul Ugyen Jigme Choekyi Wangdue,
author of
Words of my Perfect Teacher.
|
|
Rahula
|
6th c. BC
|
India
|
Son of
Gautama
the
Buddha,
when Gautama was a Prince, before his
enlightenment.
Joined the Buddha when he came back to
Kapilavastu.
|
|
Sakya Pandit
|
13 c. CE,
d. 1251
|
Tibet
|
Leader of the
Sakya
sect;
became the religious tutor of the Mongol emperors.
In exchange was given poltical rule over Tibet
while acknowledging China's (i.e., Mongols') authority.
|
|
Santideva
|
??
|
Tibet
|
Author of the
Bodhicaryavatara.
|
|
Songtsen Gampo
|
617 - 650 CE
|
Tibet
|
The greatest among Tibetan kings.
A great conqueror, able administrator, and reformer.
Set down the ten moral pricniples and sixteen rules
for the conduct of the people.
Sent his minister to India to learn Sanskrit,
for the purpose of developing a
Tibetan script.
Married Bhrikuti, daughter of Amsuvarman,
the Nepalese ruler.
(The
Tsulakhang
was built to house the
images
she brought.)
Won many battles with neighboring countries,
organized districts in the kingdom,
appointed ministers to advise him.
[ref]
|
|
Suddhodana
|
6th c. BC
|
Tibet
|
The king of
Sakya.
Husband of
Maya,
and father of
Gautama
the
Buddha.
|
|
Tenzin Choegyal
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Youngest brother of the XIVth
Dalai Lama,
and reincarnation of
Ngari Rinpoche.
|
|
Tenzin Gyatso
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
"Ocean of Wisdom" -
The XIVth
Dalai Lama.
His full formal name is
Je-tsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshi Tenzin Gyatos.
|
|
Thubten Gyatso
|
19th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
The XIIIth
Dalai Lama.
|
|
Thubten Jigme Norbu
|
20th c. CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Oldest brother of the XIVth
Dalai Lama,
and reincarnation of
Takster Rinpoche.
|
|
Trisong Detsen
|
9th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
A great king of
Tibet.
|
|
Tsang Nyön
|
14th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
A famous
nyonpa.
Wrote biographies
"The Life of Marpa
the Translator"
and another for
Milarepa
|
|
Tsering Dolma
|
1920-1964 CE
|
Tibet, India
|
Oldest sister of
His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama.
She played a major part in the education of
refugee Tibetan children, eventually founding
and managing the Tibetan Children's Villages (TCV)
in India.
After her
death,
management of TCV was taken over
by her youngest sister
Je-tsun Pema.
She grew up in Tibet and escaped to India with
her brother the Dalai Lama, and her mother
Dekyi Tsering.
|
|
Tsongkhapa
|
15th c. CE
|
Tibet
|
A famous
teacher,
Lobsang Tragpa.
Founded
the
Gelukpa
School
of Tibetan
Buddhism
[ref]
|
|
Yasodhara
|
6th c. BC
|
India
|
Wife of
Gautama
the
Buddha,
when Gautama was a Prince, before his
enlightenment.
|